Malaria – CHAMPS Health
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Malaria

Malaria is an infectious disease causes by one of 5 species of the Plasmodium parasite; most deaths from malaria are caused by Plasmodium falciparum.  People become infected when they are bitten by Anopheles mosquitos that carry the parasite. Malaria symptoms include fever, chills, headache, and fatigue.  Severe cases can have loss of consciousness, seizures, bleeding, difficulty breathing, and jaundice.  People with some immunity to Plasmodium can have infections without any symptoms. People at highest risk for severe malaria infection include young children, pregnant women, persons with HIV, and travelers going to a region that has malaria.

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MALARIA

Quick Facts

Malaria continues to devastate many communities, especially in sub-Saharan Africa, where children under five make up the majority of deaths from malaria. CHAMPS is helping to combat this crisis by accurately identifying deaths from malaria in children and determining what measures are needed to prevent these deaths.

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estimated number of malaria deaths in 2023

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proportion of malaria deaths the occurred in Africa

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proportion of malaria deaths in Africa that occurred in children <5 years

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Number of malaria vaccines now available for young children

World Health Organization Malaria. https://www.who.int/health-topics/malaria#tab=tab_1.  Accessed June 2025.

The CHAMPS Network collects cause of death data for stillbirths and children <5 years of age across seven countries in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia; Mozambique began enrollment in 2016, South Africa, Kenya, Mali, and Bangladesh began in 2017, and Sierra Leone and Ethiopia began in 2019. Between December 3, 2016, and December 31, 2022, a total of 5894 cases underwent Minimally Invasive Tissue Sampling (MITS), with 4661 cases had a Cause of Death (CoD) determined through a Determination of Cause of Death (DeCoDe) panel across the 7 sites. Malaria relates deaths were concentrated in Sierra Leona, Kenya, Mozambique, and Mali. South Africa recorded a singular Malaria death. There were no malaria deaths recorded in Ethiopia or Bangladesh.

Fig. 1 Proportion of deaths with malaria in causal chain by age group.

Fig. 2 Number of deaths by site and proportion of deaths that had malaria anywhere in the causal chain in infants and children.

Deaths by Infectious Cause: Malaria

CHAMPS Mortality Category

Frequency of Malaria as CHAMPS Mortality Category

Malaria Parasites

Frequency of parasites found for deaths with Malaria as the Underlying Cause of Death.

Characteristics of Malaria Deaths

The data below is from an analysis of post-neonatal deaths from Sierra
Leone, Kenya, Mali, and Mozambique (n = 858, with n = 262 malaria deaths)

Malaria-attributed deaths were found to occur at a significantly older age compared to
non-malaria deaths

More malaria deaths were in boys than in girls.

Healthcare received in children who died from malaria

Stacked Bar Chart – AmCharts 4

Reported symptoms in children who died from malaria

Among the 262 malaria cases, 19 (7.3%) were co-infected with HIV, with the majority occurring in Kenya (12/19) 

Co-morbid conditions in children who died from malaria (n=249)

Treatments received by children who died from malaria

World malaria Report https://www.who.int/teams/global-malaria-programme/reports/world-malaria-report-2023

Case Examples

Case Studies